JavaScript’da OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) nima ?

OOP — bu dasturlashdagi obyektlarga asoslangan yondashuv bo‘lib, kodni tartibli va takrorlanmas shaklda yozishga yordam beradi.

JavaScript’da OOP’ning asosiy tushunchalari:

1. Class (Sinf)

Class — bu obyektlar uchun shablon. U orqali bir xil xususiyat va funksiyalarga ega obyektlarni yaratish mumkin.

class Person {
  constructor(name, age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }

  greet() {
    console.log(`Hi, my name is ${this.name}`);
  }
}

const begzod = new Person("Begzod", 16);
begzod.greet(); // Hi, my name is Begzod

🔹 2. Inheritance (Meros olish)

Bir class boshqasidan xususiyatlarni meros qilib olishi mumkin(Bu kodni qayta ishlatish imkonini beradi.

class Developer extends Person {
  constructor(name, age, skill) {
    super(name, age);
    this.skill = skill;
  }

  work() {
    console.log(`${this.name} is coding with ${this.skill}`);
  }
}

const dev = new Developer("Begzod", 16, "React");
dev.work(); // Begzod is coding with React).

🔹 3. Encapsulation (Yashirish)

Class ichidagi ma’lumotlarni himoyalash va tashqaridan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri o‘zgartirishga yo‘l qo‘ymaslik uchun ishlatiladi.

class BankAccount {
  #balance = 0;

  deposit(amount) {
    this.#balance += amount;
  }

  getBalance() {
    return this.#balance;
  }
}

const acc = new BankAccount();
acc.deposit(100);
console.log(acc.getBalance()); // 100

🔹 4. Polymorphism (Ko‘p shakllilik)

Bir xil metod turli classlarda turlicha ishlashi mumkin.

class Animal {
  speak() {
    console.log("Animal makes a sound");
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  speak() {
    console.log("Dog barks");
  }
}

const dog = new Dog();
dog.speak(); // Dog barks

Nega OOP kerak ?

• Kodni modullar shaklida bo‘lish imkonini beradi
• Loyihani kattalashtirish oson bo‘ladi
• Takrorlanuvchi kodlar kamayadi
• Tizim barqaror va tushunarli bo‘ladi