ISRO

Indian Space Research Organisation

Introduction

Indian Space Research Organisation in 1969, Dr Vikram Sarabhai, identified the role and importance of space technology as an ISRO, in a Nation’s development, ISRO embarked on its mission to provide the Nation space-based services and develop the technologies independently.

https://in.pinterest.com

India decided to go to space by the Government of India in 1962 when INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research)was stable in-country and Dr Vikram Sarabhai at its steerage, INCOSPAR set up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in Thiruvananthapuram, for upper atmospheric research.

The leadership of Dr Sarabhai and Dr Ramanathan. In 1967, the first ‘Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES)in Ahmedabad and its also doubled as a training centre for Indian as well as international scientists and engineers. Contributing to national development no need to wait for its own satellites to begin application development. national development was found necessary to experiment and prove through the television medium. Accordingly, a TV program on agricultural information to farmers ‘Krishi Darshan’ was started and positively responded to.

The largest sociological experiment in the world’ during 1975–76 the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE). This experiment benefited around 200,000 people, covering 2400 villages of six states.it was followed by the ‘Kheda Communications Project (KCP)’, as a field laboratory for need-and indigenous specific programme transmission in Gujarat State.

various ground segment facilities build-up by requisite indigenous competence and he proposed an operational domestic satellite system, INSAT, for the country.

Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) worked as a field laboratory for need-based and locale-specific program transmission in the Kheda district of Gujarat State under the Kheda Communications Project (KCP)and it was also awarded the UNESCO-IPDC (International Programme for the Development of Communication) award for rural communication efficiency in 1984.

first Indian spacecraft ‘Aryabhata’

During this period, Aryabhata was the first unmanned Earth satellite built by India, assembled at Peenya, near Bangalore. Aryabhata was completely designed and fabricated in India and launched by a Soviet Kosmos-3M rocket from Kapustin Yar on April 19, 1975. total Weight 360 kg Mission life 6 months(nominal), Spacecraft mainframe active till March,1981Orbital Life Nearly seventeen years Re-entered on February 10, 1992.

during 1980 Another achievement and golden time were which had its first successful development of the first launch vehicle SLV-3 with the capability to place 40 kg in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

Bhaskara-I & II missions

During the ’80s first experimental remote sensing satellite introduces by India first step in the remote sensing area whereas ‘(APPLE)’ ‘Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment’ for a future communication satellite system. The onboard TV camera imageries were used in the field of Hydrology and Forestry. Rich scientific data sent by SAMIR ‘Satellite microwave radiometer’ was used for oceanographic studies.

During 90’s ISRO achievements

During the phase-in ’90s, India created major space infrastructure in two major fields communication, broadcasting and meteorology through a multi-purpose Indian National Satellite System (INSAT), and the other one for the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) system. The development and operationalisation of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) development were significant achievements during this phase.

Earth Observation Satellites

In 1988 India Starting with IRS-1A launch remote sensing satellites in the present time India launches many satellites today India has one of the largest constellations of remote sensing satellites in the operation mode. these satellites are used for several applications like agriculture, water resources, urban planning, rural development, mineral prospecting, environment, forestry, ocean resources and disaster management, and national security.

ISRO’s Launch Vehicles

**PSLV (**Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)

PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) delivers the “earth-observation” or “remote-sensing” satellites in polar orbit. it’s used to launch the satellites of lower mass of about 1400 Kg to the elliptical Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).PSLV classified into its own various and versions like core-alone version (PSLV-CA) or PSLV-XL variants.

**GSLV(**Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle)

GSLV important in combining to deliver communication satellites to the Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) of about 36000 Km altitude and now ISRO develop two versions of GSLV and the third is going on.

The first version of GSLV Mk-II can launch satellites of mass up to 2,500 kg to the GTO. Low Earth Orbit Capability is 5,000kg. GSLV is operated from the Satish Dhawan Space Center.

the second version of this variant GSLV MK-II is a three-stage vehicle with the first stage using solid fuel, the second stage using Liquid fuel and the third stage, called Cryogenic Upper Stage, using the cryogenic engine.