#3.3: Quran — Kalamullah Aur I’tiqadi Mabahis

Muqaddima

Pichle maqalat mein hum ne dekha ke Quran Majeed Allah Ta’ala ki taraf se do marhalon mein nazil hua. Pehle Lawh-e-Mehfooz se Bayt-ul-’Izzah tak ek martaba nuzool hua, aur phir Bayt-ul-’Izzah se Rasulullah ﷺ ke qalb-e-athar par taqreeban teis (23) saal ke arse mein ba-tadreej nazil hota raha.

Ab ek bunyadi sawal paida hota hai.

Jab hum kehte hain ke Quran Allah ka Kalam hai, to is ka asal ma’ana kya hai? Kya Allah Ta’ala waqai kalam farmata hai? Agar haan, to kya Us ka kalam insano ke kalam ki tarah hai? Kya Mushaf hi Allah ka Kalam hai ya Mushaf sirf us ka likha hua nuskha hai? Aur phir woh mashhoor bahs jo Islami tareekh mein paida hui ke Quran makhlooq hai ya ghair makhlooq, us ki asal bunyad kya thi?

Yeh tamam sawalat Uloom-ul-Quran ke bunyadi mabahis mein se hain. Inhen samajhna is liye bhi zaruri hai ke Quran sirf ek kitab nahin, balkeh Allah Ta’ala ka woh kalam hai jise us ne apne aakhri Mamoor minAllah ﷺ par tamam insaniyat ki hidayat ke liye nazil farmaya.

Aaiye sab se pehle yeh samajhte hain ke Quran ko Kalamullah kyun kaha jata hai.

Quran Ko Kalamullah Kyun Kaha Jata Hai?

“Kalamullah” do alfaaz se mil kar bana hai.

• Kalam (كلام)
• Allah

Yani:

Allah Ta’ala ka Kalam.

Yeh sirf ulama ki istilah nahin, balkeh khud Quran Majeed ne apne liye is ta’beer ko istemal kiya hai.

Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ

Wa in ahadun minal mushrikeena istajaraka fa ajirhu hatta yasma’a Kalamallahi.

“Aur agar mushrikeen mein se koi aapse panah maange to use panah dijiye, yahan tak ke woh Allah ka Kalam sune.”

(Surah At-Tawbah 9:6)

Ghaur kijiye ke Allah Ta’ala ne yahan Quran ko Kalamullah farmaya hai. Yani jo kuch Rasulullah ﷺ suna rahe the, woh Allah Ta’ala ka Kalam tha. Isi tarah Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُبَدِّلُوا كَلَامَ اللَّهِ

Yureedoona an yubaddiloo Kalamallah.

“Woh Allah ke Kalam ko badalna chahte hain.”

(Surah Al-Fath 48:15)

Aur ek aur maqam par farmata hai:

لَا مُبَدِّلَ لِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ

La mubaddila likalimatillah.

“Allah ki baton ko badalne wala koi nahin.”

(Surah Al-An’am 6:34)

In ayaat se wazeh hota hai ke Quran kisi insaan ki tasneef nahin, balkeh Allah Ta’ala ka Kalam hai.

Kalam Ka Lughwi Ma’ana

Arabic mein Kalam ka ma’ana hai:

Aise alfaaz jo kisi ma’ana par dalalat karein.

Yani sirf awaaz nikal dena Kalam nahin kehlata. Agar kisi ne sirf haroof ada kiye lekin un se koi ma’ana murad na ho to Arab usay Kalam nahin kehte. Isi liye nahw ke ulama kehte hain:

الكلام هو اللفظ المركب المفيد بالوضع

“Kalam woh murakkab lafz hai jo koi ma’ana ada kare.”

Lekin yeh ta’reef insani kalam ke liye hai. Allah Ta’ala ka Kalam us ki makhluq ke kalam jaisa nahin.

Allah Ta’ala Ka Kalam Aur Insaan Ka Kalam

Insaan jab bolta hai to usay:

• zaban chahiye,
• honton ki harkat chahiye,
• awaaz chahiye,
• hawa chahiye,
• waqt chahiye.

Allah Ta’ala ke liye in mein se kisi cheez ki zarurat nahin. Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ

Laysa kamithlihi shay’.

“Us jaisi koi cheez nahin.”

(Surah Ash-Shura 42:11)

Jab Allah ki zaat kisi makhluq ki tarah nahin, to Us ki sifaat bhi makhluq ki tarah nahin ho sakti. Isi liye hum kehte hain- Allah bolta hai. Lekin kaise bolta hai, is ki kaifiyat hamari samajh aur idraak se bahar hai. Hum usi qadar baat karte hain jitni Quran aur Sunnat ne batayi hai.

Allah Ki Sifat-e-Kalam

Quran Majeed mein kai maqamat par Allah Ta’ala ne apne kalam karne ka zikr farmaya hai. Sab se wazeh ayat Hazrat Musa (A.S.) ke muta’alliq hai.

Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَىٰ تَكْلِيمًا

Wa kallamallahu Musa takleema.

“Aur Allah Ta’ala ne Musa se haqeeqi taur par kalam farmaya.”

(Surah An-Nisa 4:164)

Yahan Allah Ta’ala ne sirf “kallama” nahin farmaya, balkeh us ke baad Takleema bhi farmaya. Arabic zabaan mein is tarah masdar lana ta’keed ke liye hota hai. Yani Allah Ta’ala ne waqai Musa (A.S.) se kalam farmaya.

Isi tarah Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

وَلَمَّا جَاءَ مُوسَىٰ لِمِيقَاتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ

Wa lamma ja’a Musa limeeqatina wa kallamahu Rabbuhu.

“Aur jab Musa Hamare muqarrar waqt par aaye to un ke Rab ne un se kalam farmaya.”

(Surah Al-A’raf 7:143)

Isi tarah Rasulullah ﷺ ke muta’alliq bhi hum pichle maqale mein dekh chuke hain ke Mi’raj ke mauqe par Allah Ta’ala ne apne Habeeb ﷺ ko bila waseeta apni bargah mein bulaya aur kalam farmaya. Is se maloom hota hai ke Kalam karna Allah Ta’ala ki sifaat mein se ek sifat hai.

Kya Allah Ka Kalam Qadeem Hai?

Jab yeh sabit ho gaya ke Allah Ta’ala kalam farmata hai to ek aur sawal paida hota hai. Kya Allah Ta’ala ka Kalam bhi makhluq ki tarah paida hua? Ya woh Allah ki doosri sifaat ki tarah azal se hai? Yahan ek bunyadi usool samajhna zaruri hai. Allah Ta’ala ki zaat makhluq nahin. Isi tarah Allah Ta’ala ki sifaat bhi makhluq nahin.

Jaise:

• Allah ka ilm makhluq nahin.
• Allah ki qudrat makhluq nahin.
• Allah ki hayat makhluq nahin.
• Allah ki sama’ aur basar makhluq nahin.

Isi tarah Allah ka Kalam bhi us ki sifat hai. Isi bunyaad par Ahl-us-Sunnah ke ulama ne Quran ko Kalamullah kaha. Yahan yeh samajhna zaruri hai ke jab hum kehte hain Quran Allah ka Kalam hai, to is se murad woh haqeeqat hai jo Allah Ta’ala ki taraf mansoob hai. Lekin jo Mushaf hamare haath mein hai, jo siyahi se likha gaya hai, jo kaghaz par chapta hai, aur jisay hum apni zaban se padhte hain, us ki tafseel alag bahs hai.

Isi liye is mauzu ko samajhne ke liye agla sawal bohot aham hai.

Kya Mushaf aur Kalamullah ek hi cheez hain?

Isi sawal ne Islami tareekh mein kai i’tiqadi mabahis ko janam diya, jise hum agle hisse mein tafseel se samjhenge.

Quran Makhlooq Hai Ya Ghair Makhlooq?

Ab asal i’tiqadi bahs yahan se shuru hoti hai. Sawal yeh paida hua ke jab Quran Allah ka Kalam hai, to kya yeh bhi makhlooq hai ya ghair makhlooq?

Is mas’ale ne Islami tareekh mein ek bohot badi ilmi bahs ki shakal ikhtiyar kar li. Is silsile mein do mashhoor rai saamne aayin.

Pehli Rai

Mu’tazilah ka aqeedah tha ke Quran makhlooq hai.

Unka istidlal yeh tha ke Allah ke siwa har cheez makhlooq hai. Agar Quran ko ghair makhlooq kaha jaye to goya Allah ke saath ek aur azali cheez ko tasleem karna hoga.

Doosri Rai

Ahl-us-Sunnah wal Jama’ah ka aqeedah hai ke Quran Allah ka Kalam hai aur Allah ka Kalam uski sifat hai. Aur Allah ki sifaat makhlooq nahin hotin.

Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (R.A.) ne isi aqeedah ki hifazat ke liye Mihnah (Inquisition) ke dauran sakht aziyyat bardasht ki, lekin Quran ko makhlooq kehne se inkar kar diya.

Is liye Ahl-us-Sunnah ka mashhoor aqeedah yeh hai:

Al-Qur’an Kalamullah, ghayru makhlooq.

“Quran Allah ka Kalam hai aur makhlooq nahin.”

Is Bahs Mein Asal Nuqta Kya Hai?

Yahan ek bohot nazuk baat samajhna zaruri hai. Jab ulama kehte hain ke Quran ghair makhlooq hai to is se murad Allah ka asal Kalam hai jo uski sifat hai. Lekin jab hum Quran ko padhte hain… jab hum usay likhte hain…jab hum usay mushaf ki surat mein dekhte hain… jab hum uski tilawat sunte hain… to yeh tamam af’aal makhlooq hain.

Misal ke taur par:

• hamari awaaz makhlooq hai.
• hamari zaban makhlooq hai.
• kaghaz makhlooq hai.
• siyahi makhlooq hai.
• mushaf makhlooq hai.

Lekin jo Kalam un alfaaz ke zariye bayan ho raha hai woh Allah ka Kalam hai. Isi liye ulama ne kaha:

Al-aswat makhluqah, wal-Kalam Kalamullah.

“Awaazein makhlooq hain, lekin Kalam Allah ka Kalam hai.”

Quran Aur Allah Ki Sifaat

Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

وَلَوْ أَنَّمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مِن شَجَرَةٍ أَقْلَامٌ وَالْبَحْرُ يَمُدُّهُ مِن بَعْدِهِ سَبْعَةُ أَبْحُرٍ مَّا نَفِدَتْ كَلِمَاتُ اللَّهِ

Wa law annama fil-ardi min shajaratin aqlamun wal-bahru yamudduhu min ba’dihi sab’atu abhurin ma nafidat kalimatullah.

“Agar zameen ke tamam darakht qalam ban jayein aur samandar siyahi ban jaye, aur uske baad saat samandar aur mila diye jayein, tab bhi Allah ke kalimat khatm nahin honge.”

(Surah Luqman 31:27)

Is ayat se maloom hota hai ke Allah ka Kalam insani alfaaz ya kitabon tak mahdood nahin hai. Quran usi Kalamullah ka woh hissa hai jo Allah Ta’ala ne hidayat ke liye nazil farmaya.

Kya Yeh Bahs Sirf Lafzi Hai?

Kuch log samajhte hain ke yeh sirf alfaaz ka ikhtilaf tha. Lekin asal mein yeh Allah ki sifaat se muta’alliq bahs thi. Agar Allah ki sifaat ko makhlooq kaha jaye to phir Allah ki qudrat… Allah ka ilm… Allah ki iradah… Allah ki hayat… Allah ki basarat… Allah ki sama’at… sab ke baare mein bhi isi qism ke sawalat paida ho sakte hain. Isi liye ulama ne is mas’ale ko aqeedah ke bunyadi mabahis mein shamil kiya.

Allah Ki Sifaat Aur Makhlooq Ka Ta’alluq

Yahan ek aur bunyadi usool samajhna zaruri hai.

Allah Ta’ala ki sifaat makhlooq par mabni nahin hotin. Allah Ta’ala jo hai, apni tamam sifaat ke saath azali aur abadi hai. Makhlooq un sifaat ko paida nahin karti, balkeh un ke zahoor ka zariya banti hai.

Misal ke taur par Allah Ta’ala Al-Khaliq (Paida Karne Wala) hai. Yeh sifat us waqt bhi Allah ki thi jab abhi kuch bhi paida nahin hua tha. Makhlooq paida hone ke baad sirf is sifat ka zahoor hua; yeh sifat makhlooq ki wajah se paida nahin hui.

Isi tarah Allah Ar-Razzaq hai. Rizq pane wale paida hone se pehle bhi Allah Razzaq tha. Makhlooq ke wajood mein aane se us sifat ka izhar hua, lekin Allah ka Razzaq hona makhlooq ka mohtaj nahin tha.

Isi tarah Allah Ash-Shafi hai. Bimari aur us ka shifa pana makhlooq ke saath zahir hua, lekin Allah ka Ash-Shafi hona kisi mareez ke wajood par mabni nahin. Woh azal se bhi Ash-Shafi tha aur abad tak rahega.

Yahi usool Allah ke tamam Asma wa Sifaat par lagu hota hai.

Isi liye jab hum kehte hain ke Quran Allah ka Kalam hai, to is ka matlab yeh nahin ke Allah sirf us waqt Mutakallim bana jab Quran nazil hua. Balkeh Allah Ta’ala azal se Mutakallim hai. Quran ka nuzool sirf Allah ke is Kalam ka makhlooq tak pahunchna hai, na ke Allah ke liye kisi nayi sifat ka paida hona.

Is Bahs Mein Ehtiyat

Is mauzu par ek aur baat bhi samajhna zaruri hai. Ahl-us-Sunnah ke akabir ulama ne is bahs mein ghair zaruri falsafi behson se bachne ki talqeen ki hai.

Imam Malik (R.A.) ka usool tha:

Jahan Quran aur Sunnat ruk jayein, wahan aqal ko bhi ruk jana chahiye.

Isi liye aksar muhadditheen aur salaf ne itna hi kaha:

Quran Allah ka Kalam hai.

Aur is se aage falsafi ta’beerat mein ghair zaruri behs ko pasand nahin kiya.

Zara Sochiye

Agar Allah Ta’ala ka Khaliq hona makhlooq par mauqoof nahin, aur Razzaq hona rizq pane walon par mabni nahin, aur Ash-Shafi hona mareezon ke wajood ka mohtaj nahin, to phir Allah ka Mutakallim hona bhi makhlooq par mabni nahin ho sakta.

Makhlooq Allah ki sifaat ka sabab nahin banti; balkeh Allah apni sifaat ka izhar jis waqt aur jis tarah chahe, apni hikmat ke mutabiq farmata hai.

Isi bunyaad par Ahl-us-Sunnah ka aqeedah hai ke Quran Allah ka Kalam hai, aur Allah ka Kalam us ki azali sifat hai. Quran ka nazil hona is sifat ke zahoor ka marhala hai, na ke is sifat ki ibtida.

📚 Uloom-ul-Quran

Yeh maqala Uloom-ul-Quran silsile ka ek hissa hai.

Yeh silsila Quran Majeed ko us ke apne alfaaz, usooli mafahim aur Qurani uloom ki roshni mein samajhne, us ki khubsurti par ghaur-o-fikr karne aur us ke paigham se apna rishta mazboot karne ki ek musalsal koshish hai.

Yeh safar abhi sirf aghaz hai. Quran Majeed ka har lafz apne andar ilm, hikmat aur hidayat ka ek samandar samete hue hai. Hum is silsile mein qadam ba qadam in uloom ko samajhne aur un par ghaur-o-fikr karne ki koshish karenge, kyun ke Quran ko poori tarah samajhna ek umr ka safar hai.

Tamam maqalat yahan dastiyab hain:

🔗 Uloom-ul-Quran

Allah Ta’ala se dua hai ke woh hamein Quran ko padhne, samajhne, us par ghaur-o-fikr karne aur us par amal karne ki taufeeq ata farmaye. Aameen.