Male Breast Cancer in Men: Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatment 2024

Beyonce’s father had breast cancer. Matthew Knowles, Beyonce’s dad, announced his diagnosis in 2019 after noticing spots of blood on his T-shirt. After a mammogram, ultrasound, and biopsy, he was diagnosed with 1A breast cancer. He underwent a mastectomy to remove his left breast.

Matthew Knowles’ Story

“When I noticed the dots of blood on my shirt, I knew something wasn’t right. As a man, breast cancer was the last thing on my mind. My story shows why we need to raise awareness.”

• Matthew Knowles, Survivor and Advocate

Breast cancer is quite uncommon among men, but it can develop in men. The cancer develops in the breast tissue of men. The male breast is primarily composed of glandular, connective, and fatty tissues. The glandular tissues include milk-producing glands known as lobules and duct-like structures that transport milk to the nipple, although these structures are not functional in males.

image by microsoft bing

Male breast cancer signs and symptoms

Common Signs

• Breast Lumps
• Usually hard and painless
• Often near the nipple or upper outer breast
• May be fixed to surrounding tissue

image by Bolsky.com

Nipple Changes

• Retraction (inward pulling)
• Discharge (clear or bloody)
• Redness or scaling
• Persistent irritation
• Skin Changes
• Dimpling or puckering
• Orange-peel texture
• Persistent rashes
• Unusual discoloration

Advanced Symptoms

• Swollen lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone
• Breast size or shape changes
• Unexplained sores or ulcers
• Systemic symptoms:
• Unexplained fatigue
• Unintentional weight loss
• General feeling of illness

Male breast cancer risk factors

Genetic Predisposition

• BRCA Gene Mutations
• BRCA1 mutation carriers: 1.2% lifetime risk
• BRCA2 mutation carriers: 6.8% lifetime risk
• Consider genetic testing if family history present

Family History

• Higher risk with:
• First-degree relatives with breast cancer
• Multiple family members affected
• Early-onset breast cancer in family
• Family history of ovarian cancer

Environmental and Lifestyle Factors

• Previous chest radiation exposure
• Elevated estrogen levels
• Liver disease
• Obesity
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Advanced age (average age at diagnosis: 68)

Expert Insight

“Male breast cancer awareness is crucial. Many men delay seeking treatment due to embarrassment or lack of awareness, which can impact survival rates. Any change in breast tissue should be evaluated promptly.”

• Dr. Sharon Giordano, MD, Department Chair, Health Services Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center

When to Seek Medical Care?

Men must be vigilant about changes in their breasts or chest area.

Immediate Medical Attention Needed If:

• Any new breast lump or mass
• Unexplained nipple discharge
• Skin changes on breast or nipple
• Persistent breast pain
• Swollen lymph nodes

Prevention and Screening

1. Regular self-examinations

2. Annual physical exams for high-risk individuals

3. Prompt evaluation of any breast changes

4. Genetic counseling if strong family history

Early detection significantly enhances treatment options and outcomes. Regular self-examination is advised to facilitate early identification of abnormalities.

Male breast cancer treatment success rates

Early-stage disease (Stage I & II)

• Overall, 5-year survival rate: 90–95%
• Treatment success metrics:
• Complete response to surgery: 98%
• Radiation therapy effectiveness: 90%
• Hormone therapy response: 85%

Advanced Disease (Stage III & IV)

• 5-year survival rate: 28–75%
• Treatment response rates:
• Chemotherapy: 60–70%
• Targeted therapy: 50–60%
• Combination therapy: 65–75%

FAQ Section

Common Questions

Q: Can men get mammograms? A: Yes, mammography is effective for men and is the primary screening tool when breast cancer is suspected.

Q: Does a family history of breast cancer in women increase my risk? A: Yes, having first-degree relatives with breast cancer increases your risk, regardless of your gender.

Q: Are the treatments different for men? A: While treatments are similar to those for women, they are tailored specifically for male breast anatomy and hormonal differences.

Written by Shamaki Yahaya Hamida