Tech Update: Dubhe v2 Upgrade Summy

In the latest development cycle, Dubhe Engine has completed the core architectural upgrade and engineering wrap-up for Dubhe v2. For detailed technical changes, please refer to **PR #218 / PR #219**

This round of updates focuses on several key areas: a restructured write path, enhanced session-based authorization, improvements to the upgrade flow, and a more complete documentation and engineering system.

With these goals in mind, Dubhe v2 now introduces a three-layer storage model, Lazy Settlement, Session Key support, upgrade flow fixes, and a fully refreshed documentation and engineering structure.

Below is a breakdown of the major updates in Dubhe v2.

Architecture & Performance

Dubhe v2 introduces a redesigned object model to provide clearer resource boundaries and better support for high-frequency interactions.

• A new three-layer storage model is now in place: DappHub / DappStorage / UserStorage
• This replaces the Dubhe v1 approach, where all writes were routed through a single DappHub
• High-frequency user writes are now handled by isolated UserStorage
• Cross-user writes can now be executed in parallel, alleviating the write bottleneck caused by the single-path model in v1

The core goal of this change is to decouple high-frequency user writes from shared paths, enabling better scalability for high-concurrency DApp scenarios.

Account & Security

To reduce signing overhead in high-frequency interaction scenarios, Dubhe v2 introduces a new authorization model.

• Session Key support
• Enables session-level write permissions for temporary use cases
• Ideal for scenarios like game sessions
• Reduces the need for frequent wallet signatures
• Permissions can be revoked at any time
• Supports natural expiration

At the same time, Dubhe improves admin-level security:

• Introduces Ownable2Step for permission management
• Uses a propose / accept two-step confirmation model
• Reduces risks of accidental permission loss or locking

Developer Experience

Dubhe v2 maintains backward compatibility while integrating the new resource model into the development workflow.

• dubhe.config.ts remains backward compatible
• Updated codegen pipeline now supports: global/user/offchain resource generation
• Developers can adopt v2 without restructuring existing configurations

Version management has also been strengthened:

• Introduces Framework Version Gate
• Enforces strict version consistency checks
• Older versions automatically become invalid after upgrades
• Reduces risks caused by version mismatches

Upgrade Flow

Dubhe v2 includes several improvements to the upgrade workflow, making migrations more predictable and safer.

• Fixes previous issues where version checks could fail
• Improves upgrade_dapp with package-id based validation
• Adds a new --bump-version flag
• Supports automatic version bumping when no schema changes are detected
• Enhances build, test, publish, and upgrade commands with clearer guards and prompts

These changes make the upgrade process more controlled and reduce operational risks.

Engineering & Documentation

With the v2 upgrade complete, Dubhe Engine also updates its dependencies and documentation system.

• Sui dependency upgraded from mainnet-v1.46.3 → mainnet-v1.68.1
• Related Move packages updated accordingly
• CI workflows updated to match new dependencies

Documentation updates include:

• Fully updated developer docs for Dubhe v2 architecture
• Rewrote core modules including the resource model, permission control, and upgrade flow
• Removal of legacy Dubhe v1 schema documentation
• Introduction of a new Agent Skill documentation system
• Clear separation between Framework-level and DApp-level developer perspectives

This marks a shift from fragmented documentation to a more structured and reusable knowledge system.

Testing & Stability

With the core changes in place, Dubhe Engine has completed comprehensive testing for v2.

• 200+ unit tests, all passing
• Full integration test coverage added
• Covers core modules including user storage, session mechanisms, fee settlement, and the upgrade flow.

These validation efforts provide a more stable foundation for future iterations of Dubhe v2 under the new architecture and upgrade workflow.

Coming Up Next

With the core architecture and engineering work for Dubhe v2 now complete, Dubhe Engine has finalized this phase of upgrades across infrastructure, security, tooling, and documentation.

Looking ahead, the next phase will focus on a broader framework upgrade across three key areas:

• Expanded Storage Model Introducing new storage types and configuration annotations to simplify business logic and support richer on-chain interaction patterns
• Built-in Marketplace Protocol Native support for listing and trading on-chain assets, enabling developers to integrate marketplace functionality without rebuilding from scratch
• Fee Model & Developer Incentives Continued exploration of sustainable protocol economics, including improved fee structures and developer incentive mechanisms

Dubhe Engine aims to continuously lower the barrier for Sui smart contract development, improve application performance, and push fully on-chain interaction closer to real-world adoption.

⚒️ About Dubhe Engine

The Engine for High-Performance Move dApps

Dubhe Engine is a developer-friendly Move Apps creation engine that offers a production-grade solution for building high-performance, real-time, fully on-chain applications that are inherently composable, extensible, and permissionless. Developers can significantly reduce the complexity and cost of building applications on Move Ecosystems, paving the way for a fully on-chain world with user intent.

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