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An Open Source Weather App

Using Arduino + Seeed Studio Round Display + Meteomatics

Mark Lucking in Level Up Coding · 2024-10-29 22:18 · 85 claps · 25.5 min read paywalled
#arduino #weather #seeed-studio #meteo
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Wiki topics: 📟 · Gadgets & IoT 🔓 · Open Source 🌍 · Earth Science

An Open Source Weather App

Using Arduino + Seeed Studio Round Display + Meteomatics

Animated GIF of weather in the US in 2099

Animated GIF of weather in the US in 2099

The other month, I published an article about using a Dropbox API to upload data to the Cloud.

[embed]Seeed Studio ESP32S3 to a DropBox Cloud Storage for an Arduinolevelup.gitconnected.com

In this article, I want to do the opposite, again using an API, but this time, I want to download data to my Seeed Round Display. Join me in this article to understand how to do just that. A longish article; be forewarned.

Weather Data

Since I am based in Switzerland, I will get my weather data from Meteomatics, a local company. This link provides an excellent article on who to contact to find your local supplier.

[embed]8 Must-Have Weather APIs for Your Next Application Weather data has become an integral part of many modern applications, from mobile apps to smart home... Tagged with…dev.to

Account

First, to access weather data on a service like this, you’ll almost certainly need to sign up for an account, which I did with this link.

[embed]Sign Up for a Free Basic Weather API Account | Meteomatics Here you can directly sign up for a Free Basic Weather API account. 500 queries per day, no time limit and 15 basic…www.meteomatics.com

Be careful: Free means free. If they ask for money or credit card details, your machine may have been compromised, or at the very least, your Google search is leading you astray.

API

The API for “Meteomatics” is brilliantly simple. You need to do nothing more than supply the credentials they emailed you back after signing in and specify the data you want, all on a single command line. I got it up and running less than a minute after asking their online bot for an example.

As I had done before, I turned to my old friend “curl”, a command-line utility that makes HTTPS calls. It is an excellent way to prototype an app of this nature.

curl -u user:password -basic "https://api.meteomatics.com/2024-10-26T11:20:00.000+02:00/t_2m:C/46.3438701,7.0148403/jsocurl -u user:password -basic “https://api.meteomatics.com/2024-10-26T11:20:00.000+02:00/t_2m:C/46.3438701,7.0148403/json

The request given in the box outlined above contains four pieces of information.

  • The date you’re interested in?
  • What information do you want?
  • The location?
  • The format?

The details behind the Meteomatics site are outlined on this webpage.

[embed]Getting Started With Meteomatics Weather API | Meteomatics Meteomatics provides a REST1-style API to retrieve historic, current, and forecast data. On this page you will find a…www.meteomatics.com

TFT 2.5.x on the Seeed Studio Round Display

A few very important words on this — the Seeed wiki page describes a nightmare procedure in my mind, suggesting you downgrade your environment to get things working; it isn’t an approach I recommend.

You’ll find a better way with this forum link, which contains an unofficial but very functional TFT library edited to work on the ESP32C6 and others; no Arduino environment downgrade is needed. However, you should still read through their installation instructions to ensure you dotted all the i’s and crossed all the t’s.

[embed]Getting Started with Seeed Studio Round Display for XIAO | Seeed Studio Wiki XIAO Round Dislay Basic Tutorialwiki.seeedstudio.com

[embed]Support for the Seeed Round Display? I foolishly purchased several round displays for projects, including some based on the ESP32C6, only to discover when…forum.seeedstudio.com

You won’t be able to install the unofficial library as a zip. You must do so manually by unzipping it and copying it into the filesystem by hand [renaming it in the process, TFT_eSPI]. Turn verbose mode on the compiler on as well. When you do so, you’ll get a report like this at the end, and you can match the versions shown here.

Using library TFT_eSPI at version 2.5.43 in folder: /Users/localuser/Arduino/libraries/TFT_eSPI 
Using library SPI at version 3.0.5 in folder: /Users/localuser/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.5/libraries/SPI 
Using library FS at version 3.0.5 in folder: /Users/localuser/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.5/libraries/FS 
Using library SPIFFS at version 3.0.5 in folder: /Users/localuser/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.5/libraries/SPIFFS 
Using library Seeed Arduino Round display at version 1.0.0 in folder: /Users/localuser/Arduino/libraries/Seeed_Arduino_Round_display 
Using library lvgl at version 9.2.0 in folder: /Users/localuser/Arduino/libraries/lvgl 
Using library Wire at version 3.0.5 in folder: /Users/localuser/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.5/libraries/Wire 
/Users/localuser/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-rv32/2302/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-size -A /private/var/folders/sc/4y094kzs1rs26_qzh6wfr5qr0000gp/T/arduino/sketches/DA19B67043BCB5F915BA03751CA6D229/touchRoundDisplay.ino.elf
Sketch uses 271918 bytes (20%) of program storage space. Maximum is 1310720 bytes.
Global variables use 13344 bytes (4%) of dynamic memory, leaving 314336 bytes for local variables. Maximum is 327680 bytes.

Note that unless you disable it, the Arduino IDE will periodically ask you if you want to update the libraries installed: resist the urge to do so if you want to follow the instructions outlined in this article.

Time

Back to task: My first step was to look up a tutorial about NTP I had previously encountered. I wanted the main display to show the time and date. I also needed the data for the API calls.

[embed]ESP32 NTP Client-Server: Get Date and Time (Arduino IDE) | Random Nerd Tutorials Request date and time from an NTP Server using the ESP32 with Arduino IDE. With an Internet connection, you can make…randomnerdtutorials.com

This is the outline of the code I implemented. Note that I am based in Switzerland, which is why I chose “ch.pool.ntp.org.” For example, if you’re in the US, you would go to “us.pool.ntp.org.”

const char* ntpServer = "ch.pool.ntp.org";
const long  gmtOffset_sec = 3600;
const int   daylightOffset_sec = 3600;

configTime(gmtOffset_sec, daylightOffset_sec, ntpServer);

struct tm timeinfo;
if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
  Serial.println("Failed to obtain time");
  return;
}

Serial.println(&timeinfo, "%A, %B %d %Y %H:%M:%S");

Fonts

After completing that, I looked at the examples for the custom fonts using the TFT library, which you can find at this link.

[embed]TFT_eSPI/examples/Smooth Fonts/FLASH_Array/Font_Demo_2_Array/Font_Demo_2_Array.ino at master ·… Arduino and PlatformIO IDE compatible TFT library optimised for the Raspberry Pi Pico (RP2040), STM32, ESP8266 and…github.com

I combined two tutorials into one and created this simple sketch to show the time and date.

Arduino API implementation

#include <SPI.h>
#include <TFT_eSPI.h>
#define USE_TFT_ESPI_LIBRARY
#include "lv_xiao_round_screen.h"
#include "WiFi.h"
#include "time.h"
#include <esp_sleep.h>

#include "NotoSansBold15.h"
#include "NotoSansBold36.h"

const char* ssid = "ssid";
const char* password = "password";

#define AA_FONT_SMALL NotoSansBold15
#define AA_FONT_LARGE NotoSansBold36
#define SPI_READ_FREQUENCY  13400000

int xpos;
int ypos;

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(19200);
  while (!Serial);

  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi ..");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
  Serial.print('.');
    delay(1024);
  }

  Wire.begin();

  tft.init();
  tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLACK);
  tft.setRotation(0);

  tft.setTextColor(TFT_DARKGREEN, TFT_BLACK, true);

  tft.setTextDatum(TC_DATUM); // Top Centre datum

  xpos = tft.width() / 2; // Half the screen width
  ypos = tft.height() / 2;

  tft.loadFont(AA_FONT_LARGE); // Must load the font first
}

const char* ntpServer = "ch.pool.ntp.org";
const long  gmtOffset_sec = 3600;
const int   daylightOffset_sec = 3600;

char strT[10];
char strD[64];
struct tm timeinfo;

void loop() {

  configTime(gmtOffset_sec, daylightOffset_sec, ntpServer);

  if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
    Serial.println("Failed to obtain time");
    return;
  }

  Serial.println(&timeinfo, "%A, %B %d %Y %H:%M:%S");

  strftime(strT,64,"%H:%M:%S", &timeinfo);
  strftime(strD,64,"%A, %B %d %Y", &timeinfo);

  tft.loadFont(AA_FONT_SMALL);
  tft.drawString(strD, xpos, ypos -10);

  tft.loadFont(AA_FONT_LARGE);
  tft.drawString(strT, xpos, ypos +10);
  delay(1000);

}

A short piece of code that fetches the time from an NTP server and then displays it using both large and small NotoSansFonts. Note that the fonts are additional files/tabs you’ll need to add to your project. Data that you can find in the demo2.ini example link already mentioned.

A simple clock showing the time and date, held together with a makeshift LEGO base :) and rubber bands

A simple clock showing the time and date, held together with a makeshift LEGO base :) and rubber bands

Power

I decided to test the power draw, and after charging this board, I plugged in:

The red bit is a converter to a USB C connection

The red bit is a converter to a USB C connection

Of course, it didn't work because, as I later discovered on the Seeed Studio forum [thanks **cobra**], I needed to comment on the lines illustrated, which is a handy tip.

Serial.begin(19200);
  while (!Serial);

That sorted; it ran for seven hours, which was disappointing. I needed to revisit sleeping mode, which I discussed here.

[embed]ESP32 Deep Sleep with Arduino IDE and Wake Up Sources | Random Nerd Tutorials Complete guide for the ESP32 Deep Sleep mode with Arduino IDE and different wake up sources: timer wake up, touch wake…randomnerdtutorials.com

Meteomatics

Having put together the base for everything, I needed to return to the API.

This page details fifteen options you can get with your free account, which you can read for yourself. Unfortunately, as I write this, you can only use current readings with the free account, but it's a good start.

Here is the command to get the temperature over the past 24 hours using a “curl command,” together with the JSON returned. Note that the JSON is returned as a single string I printed on this website.

But Wait—A word of warning: You can only run this 500 times daily, so be conservative when trying it out. It might sound like a lot, but you’ll be surprised how quickly your accesses get used up.

[embed]Best JSON Pretty Print Online Best JSON Pretty Print tool to Make Pretty JSON and JSON Print in color and Save and Share Online.jsonformatter.org

curl -u login:pass -basic "https://api.meteomatics.com/2024-10-27T11:20:00.000+02:00/t_max_2m_24h:C/46.3438701,7.0148403/json"

{
  "version": "3.0",
  "user": "private_lucking_mark",
  "dateGenerated": "2024-10-28T14:50:34Z",
  "status": "OK",
  "data": [
    {
      "parameter": "t_max_2m_24h:C",
      "coordinates": [
        {
          "lat": 46.34387,
          "lon": 7.01484,
          "dates": [
            {
              "date": "2024-10-27T09:20:00Z",
              "value": 14.5
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

The login and password details are the ones issued when you signed up.

Arduino Code

Now, at this point, I would love to say translating this to Arduino C was very easy, but it wasn’t. Firstly, you must encode your credentials into base64 using the specified command line.

[embed]Generate an Authorization Header If the third-party application to which you want to connect requires a Basic HTTP Authorization request header, use…docs.alertlogic.com

You can also find online web pages to do this, although I caution that I don’t recommend typing a login and password into some random webpage that claims all it does is base64 encoding.

I also tried to do this in Arduino C, but as I write this, I cannot find a library that seems to base64 encode things correctly. I asked SO — if you know the answer, please let me know.

[embed]HTTP Auth header I use this web page to create an auth header to access an API https://www.debugbear.com/basic-auth-header-generator It…stackoverflow.com

Here is an example of a procedure to get the maximum temperature registered in the past 24 hours, as outlined in the payload string. Note that the “Encoded Text” is your login: password information you previously base64 encoded.

char meteoURL[] = "https://api.meteomatics.com/";

void query24Temperature() {
  HTTPClient http;

  if (http.begin(meteoURL)) {  

      String token_key = String("Basic ") + "Encoded Text";

      http.addHeader("Authorization", token_key);

      String payload = "/2024-10-27T11:20:00.000+02:00/t_max_2m_24h:C/46.3438701,7.0148403/json";
      int httpCode = http.POST(payload);   // start connection and send HTTP header
      if (httpCode>0) {
        Serial.print("HTTP Response code: ");
        Serial.println(httpCode);
        delay(500);
        String payload = http.getString();
        Serial.println(payload);
      } else {
        Serial.print("Error code: ");
        Serial.println(httpCode);
      }
  } else {
      Serial.println("[HTTP] Unable to connect");
      delay(1000);
  }
  Serial.print("Completed Run");
}

Graphics

Of course, no weather app would be complete without graphics; fortunately, you don’t have to draw up your own with Meteomatics, which offers a comprehensive collection you can download and use.

[embed]General Weather State | Meteomatics On this page you will find the available parameters to measure general weather state, such as weather symbol, weather…www.meteomatics.com

Although the process is just a tad annoying, the quickest way to get the symbols is to download a compressed tar of them, the link for which you can find here.

https://static.meteomatics.com/widgeticons/mm_api_symbols.tar.gz

Having got a directory of PNG images, you’ll need to convert them one by one to a C-style array to include them in the project. To do that, you need to upload each file to a web page like this to convert it. I would love to know if there is a command line to do this; if you know one, please comment.

[embed]File to C style array converter Coverts any file to a C style array. Useful if you want to embed/store a file (binary, text, image, whatever) into your…notisrac.github.io

The parameters you’ll need to set look like this — I changed the palette mode, unticked the const and changed the data type.

With a image file you see here translating to code, looking like this. You can add multiple definitions to the same file.

#define WSYMBOL_0001_SUNNY_HEIGHT 64
#define WSYMBOL_0001_SUNNY_WIDTH 64

// array size is 4096
static uint8_t wsymbol_0001_sunny[] PROGMEM  = {
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};

There are thirty-two symbols defined, although I am still trying to get some clarification as I write this on how many could be returned in the command on the weather today.

All that is done you need just set up an array to map the code returned when you query the service to the symbol that represents it.

And, of course, to display it on your app you would use the “push” directive.

tft.pushImage(ximage, yimage, 64, 64, wsymbol_0013_sleet_showers);

Note that you don’t want to do this too frequently; set up a timing loop within the loop() process to limit the number of times you call the service in question—a second reminder: you only get 500 calls a day.

JSON Parsing

Of course, you’ll need to know which image to select, information that will be buried in a JSON response to your query. A JSON response that will look like this.

{"version":"3.0","user":"private_lucking_mark","dateGenerated":"2024-10-29T06:03:21Z","status":"OK","data":[{"parameter":"weather_symbol_24h:idx","coordinates":[{"lat":46.34387,"lon":7.01484,"dates":[{"date":"2024-10-28T09:20:00Z","value":2}]}]}]}

To find the data I need, I will parse with this library, one of Arduino's most powerful JSON parsing libraries.

A well-documented library, you’ll find details on this website.

[embed]ArduinoJson: Efficient JSON serialization for embedded C++ ArduinoJson is a JSON library for Arduino, IoT, and any embedded C++ project. It supports JSON serialization, JSON…arduinojson.org

The code to find the value I need for the graphics looks like this: I used this technique to find the correct path; I queried the service, printed out the response, and then hardcoded so that I didn't have to keep requesting the data repeatedly. [Remember, a third reminder: you only get 500 requests daily with a free account. It sounds like a lot, but while you're debugging, it will disappear quickly.]

void parseJSON() {
   unsigned char json[] = "{\"version\":\"3.0\",\"user\":\"private_lucking_mark\",\"dateGenerated\":\"2024-10-29T06:03:21Z\",\"status\":\"OK\",\"data\":[{\"parameter\":\"weather_symbol_24h:idx\",\"coordinates\":[{\"lat\":46.34387,\"lon\":7.01484,\"dates\":[{\"date\":\"2024-10-28T09:20:00Z\",\"value\":2}]}]}]}";

  JsonDocument doc;
  deserializeJson(doc, json);

  Serial.println("data ");
  const char* word = doc["data"][0]["parameter"];
  int value = doc["data"][0]["coordinates"][0]["dates"][0]["value"];
  Serial.println(word);
  Serial.println("value");
  Serial.println(value);
}

Beyond this, you need to put it all together. Encode all the symbols, register them in an array and use the “value” you get here to index said array to work out which symbol you need to show.

A final shot showing min + max temperatures + weather

A final shot showing min + max temperatures + weather

This concludes this paper. Please show your support if you’ve found it useful or interesting, and feel free to contact me on LinkedIn if you have any questions.

메타데이터
post_id
a1b82fdcfb5f
slug
an-open-source-weather-app-a1b82fdcfb5f
url
https://levelup.gitconnected.com/an-open-source-weather-app-a1b82fdcfb5f
canonical_url
https://levelup.gitconnected.com/an-open-source-weather-app-a1b82fdcfb5f
author_url
https://medium.com/@marklucking
status
ok
fetched_at
2026-07-15 17:35:12

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