Understanding The Traditions of The Signs of Judgement Day: Dajjal | Episode 4

Sh. Yasir Qadhi

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The Authenticity and Consensus on the Concept of Dajjal

The concept of Dajjal has been narrated by over 40 companions of the Prophet (PBUH). Descriptions and accounts of the Dajjal can be found in every single book of Hadith without exception, including the Sahih of Imam Muslim, the Musnadof Imam Ahmad, the collections of At-Tabarani, and numerous others.

Hadith scholars classify the concept of Dajjal as mutawatir. This represents the highest level of Hadith narration. While a narration from a single person might lead some to question their memory or accuracy, a mutawatir report is one narrated by so many individuals that it is impossible for them to have all conspired in a falsehood. In the case of the Dajjal, more than 40 Sahaba narrated these accounts from the Prophet (PBUH). Given this volume of evidence, it is impossible to deny or negate the existence of the Dajjal.

The only way to reject the concept of the Dajjal is to reject the authority of the Hadith entirely. Historically, certain groups, such as the Mu’tazilah, rejected Hadith. In the modern era, there are also “modernists” or “progressives” who deny Hadith as part of their specific strand of Islam.

However, for the majority of the Ummah, specifically those who ascribe to Sunni Islam, the Sunnah is fundamental. The very definition of “Sunni” is derived from the word Sunnah; it signifies a belief in the Sunnah as the second source of law after the Quran. While other groups may choose not to believe in the Sunnah, that is a separate topic altogether.

For those who accept the Sunnah, it is impossible to simultaneously accept the Sunnah and negate the Dajjal. The two positions are incompatible because the narrations concerning the Dajjal are too numerous.

These narrations exist at every level of authenticity, with the core concept being mutawatir and authentic. While there are some weak Hadith regarding specific details of the Dajjal, the foundational concept is established by more than 45 companions. To go over every individual narration and the 45 unique Sahaba who reported them would require several academic dissertations.

Physical and Spiritual Characteristics of the Dajjal

According to the narrations of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the Dajjal (the False Messiah) will be characterized by distinct physical deformities and spiritual signs that serve as a warning to believers. These descriptions ensure that his claim to divinity is easily refuted by those with faith.

Physical Deformities and the Eyes

The Prophet (PBUH) explicitly mentioned that the Dajjal will not meet the standards of a “normal” human being in terms of physical perfection. The most prominent feature discussed by scholars and found in the Hadith is the deformity of his eyes:

• The Single Eye: While there are various narrations regarding whether the right or left eye is affected, the consensus is that he will effectively be one-eyed.
• The “Floating Grape”: The Prophet (PBUH) described the deformed eye as appearing like a “festered” or “floating grape.”
• Evidence against Divinity: The Prophet (PBUH) used this physical flaw as a logical proof against the Dajjal’s claims, stating, “I tell you that Dajjal is one-eyed, and your Lord is not one-eyed.” This highlights that the Dajjal is an imperfect being, whereas Allah is perfect.

The Mark of the Disbeliever

A significant spiritual sign will be manifested on the Dajjal’s physical form to allow believers to identify him:

• The Inscription: The word Kafir (disbeliever) will be written on his forehead.
• Universal Recognition: This sign will be legible to anyone with even an “ounce of Iman” (faith). The Prophet (PBUH) noted that both the literate and the illiterate will be able to read and recognize this word, making his identity clear regardless of one’s education.

Lineage and False Claims

The Hadith also provide information regarding his nature and the progression of his deception:

• No Progeny: It is mentioned that the Dajjal shall have no children.
• Escalating Claims: Upon his appearance toward the end of times, his claims will grow in magnitude. He will first claim to be the Messiah, then eventually claim to be the Rabb (Lord/God) himself.

Reference: https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:1815

The Prophet (PBUH) linked the appearance of the Dajjal to a fundamental theological point regarding the “Vision of Allah” (Ru’yat Allah):

1. Not in This World: The Prophet (PBUH) explicitly stated, “Know that you shall not see your Lord in this world.”While believers will see Allah on the Day of Judgment and in Jannah, no human will see Him in this Dunya.
2. The Flaw of Visibility: Because the Dajjal is a physical being seen with the worldly eye, he cannot be God.
3. Imperfection vs. Perfection: If a being cannot even maintain the standard health of a human (having two functioning eyes), he is fundamentally incapable of being the Creator.

“Your Lord is not imperfect. Your Lord Azzawajal is perfect… How then can he [Dajjal] claim to be God?”

Additional Physical Deformities

Beyond the eyes, the Prophet (PBUH) described further physical abnormalities to highlight that the Dajjal is far from a “perfect” being:

• Crooked Legs: The Dajjal is described as having legs that are not straight, causing him to walk in an abnormal or labored manner.
• Symbolism of Imperfection: These physical defects are mentioned to underscore the arrogance of his claim to be Allah. A being who lacks the basic physical symmetry of a standard human cannot logically claim to be the perfect Creator.

Geographic Origins and First Appearance

The Hadith literature provides a roadmap of the Dajjal’s emergence, moving from specific cities to broader regions. Several place were mentioned like Khurasan, Isfahan, or between Iraq and Sham. Scholars reconcile these reports by explaining that his appearance happens in levels. He will physically emerge in the East (Khurasan/Isfahan), but his movement will escalate until he becomes a global figure of fitna (tribulation) specifically in the region between Iraq and Sham (Greater Syria).

The Followers of the Dajjal

The Prophet (PBUH) described the specific groups that will initially follow the Dajjal:

1. The Eastern People: One group is described as having faces like “hammered shields,” implying broad, flat facial features atypical of the Arab race.
2. The 70,000 of Isfahan: A specific narration states that 70,000 Jews (Yahood) from the city of Isfahan will follow him.
3. Lineage: Based on these narrations, it is understood that the Dajjal’s own background and many of his primary followers will be from the Bani Isra’il (Children of Israel).

Historical Context of Isfahan

The mention of Isfahan carries significant historical weight regarding the Jewish Diaspora:

• The Babylonian Exile: Following the first temple’s destruction by Nebuchadnezzar, a segment of the Jewish population migrated to Isfahan.
• The Community Today: While the population decreased significantly after the events of 1947 and the subsequent migration to Israel, a small community and a synagogue remain in Isfahan to this day, representing a lineage that traces back to the original Diaspora.

Conditions of Emergence and the Nature of the Dajjal’s Power

The arrival of the Dajjal is not merely a physical event but a psychological and spiritual trial designed to exploit human vulnerability. The Hadith describe a world in deep distress, providing the perfect conditions for his deception to take hold.

The Dajjal will emerge during a period characterized by extreme global instability. The authentic narrations highlight several key conditions:

• Widespread Suffering: The world will be plagued by great chaos, bloodshed, hunger, and starvation.
• The Loss of Rationale: The Prophet (PBUH) warned that during times of extreme deprivation, people often lose their ability to reason. When individuals cannot feed themselves or their children, they become susceptible to desperate measures and false promises.
• Provisions as a Weapon: The Dajjal will appear to have control over the elements and resources. He will command the skies to rain and distribute food and bread at a time when the rest of the world is starving.

Reference: https://sunnah.com/muslim:2937a

The Progression of Deception

The Dajjal will not demand total worship immediately; rather, he will “lower the bar” progressively to entrap his followers:

1. Security and Provision: He will first offer safety and food to those who follow him, gaining a massive following through basic necessity.
2. Claiming Messiahship: Once established as a powerful leader, he will demand that his followers believe in him as the Messiah.
3. Claiming Divinity: Finally, he will escalate his claim, declaring himself to be the Rabb (Lord/God). He will point to his ability to provide sustenance and security as “proof” of his divinity, leading the masses to worship him.

The Role of the Jinn and Shayateen

The Prophet (PBUH) explained that the Dajjal will have the shayateen (devils) at his disposal to perform seemingly miraculous feats. It is crucial to distinguish between the types of power these beings possess:

Superhuman vs. Supernatural

The powers of the jinn and shayateen are superhuman, not supernatural.

• Superhuman: Similar to how a horse is faster than a human or an elephant is stronger, jinn possess natural abilities that exceed human limits. They can move at extreme speeds, approaching the speed of light, and lift weights far beyond human capacity (as seen in the story of Prophet Sulaiman and the throne of Bilqis).
• The “Unseen” Element: The primary reason humans find jinn “frightening” is simply that they exist in a dimension we cannot see. While they see us, they remain invisible to us.
• Natural Limitations: Despite their strength and speed, they are still natural creations of Allah. They do not possess the power to move the entire world or act outside the laws of the Creator.

By utilizing these “superhuman” servants, the Dajjal will perform acts that appear divine to the uneducated or the faithless, further cementing his false claim to be God.

The Dajjal will command a vast army of shayateen (rebellious jinn) who will declare their loyalty to him. This partnership creates an illusion of god-like power:

• Illusions and “Tricks of the Trade”: The jinn possess abilities humans do not, such as invisibility and extreme strength. They will perform tasks at the Dajjal’s command, leading witnesses to believe the Dajjal himself possesses supernatural power.
• Projecting Miracles: When the Dajjal “commands” an action and a jinn carries it out unseen, the observer attributes the miracle to the Dajjal. This is a psychological trap designed to bypass human logic.

Divine Permissions as a Test

Just as Allah granted Iblis (Satan) a uniquely long life until the Day of Judgment as a test for mankind, He may grant the Dajjal specific “privileges” that defy the laws of nature:

• Controlling the Elements: While the Quran establishes that only Allah sends rain from the heavens, He may allow the Dajjal to cause the skies to rain as a specific trial.
• Resurrection of the Dead: The Dajjal is called the “False Messiah” because he mimics the miracles of the true Messiah, Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus). While Isa (as) resurrected the dead by the permission of Allah to call people to worship God, the Dajjal will perform similar acts to demand worship for himself.

The Illusion of the “Ghosts”

One of the most dangerous deceptions mentioned in Sahih Muslim involves the manipulation of grief and family bonds.

The Hadith of the Parents: The Dajjal will approach a person of simple faith and ask, “If I resurrect your parents, will you believe I am your Lord?” When the person agrees, the Dajjal will command two shayateen to take the physical form of the deceased mother and father.

• The Reality of “Ghosts”: Islamic theology clarifies that the ruh (soul) of the deceased does not return to wander the earth. What people perceive as “ghosts” are often jinn taking on the appearance of the dead.
• The Emotional Trap: These shayateen will appear in the flesh and plead with their “son,” saying, “O my son, this is your Lord, worship him.” The innocent person, seeing their own parents, may be deceived into shirk (associating partners with Allah), believing that only God could bring back the dead.

Distinguishing Truth from Falsehood

The fundamental difference between the miracles of a Prophet and the deceptions of the Dajjal lies in the message:

• The True Messiah (Isa): Performed miracles to say, “Worship Allah.”
• The False Messiah (Dajjal): Performs “miracles” to say, “Worship me.”

These signs serve as a confirmation of iman (faith) for those who reject him, as they recognize these “miracles” are exactly what the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned against.

The Illusion of Paradise and Hell: The Ultimate Trial of Faith

A central aspect of the Dajjal’s deception involves a grand inversion of reality. The Prophet (PBUH) warned that the Dajjal would come with what appear to be two opposing forces: a Jannah (Paradise/Garden) and a Narr (Fire/Hell).

Literal vs. Metaphorical Interpretations

In Islamic scholarship, both literal and metaphorical interpretations of these “gardens” and “fires” are considered valid based on the Arabic language:

• The Literal View: The Dajjal may possess a physical, lush garden filled with water, fruits, and sustenance, and a physical place of fire or torture.
• The Metaphorical View: The “Jannah” represents worldly blessings, wealth, and material luxury, while the “Narr” represents worldly punishment, imprisonment, or hardship.

The Prophet (PBUH) provided a crucial key to surviving this trial: the reality is the exact opposite of the appearance.

• The Dajjal’s “Paradise” is actually a path to spiritual destruction and punishment.
• The Dajjal’s “Fire” is actually the path to safety and the true Paradise of Allah.

The Prophet (PBUH) advised that if a believer is forced to choose, they should “jump into the fire” of the Dajjal. By doing so putting one’s complete trust in Allah despite the terrifying appearance of the fire — the believer will find themselves safe.

The “fire” of the Dajjal may very well be composed of his armies, which include both evil men and the shayateen. Because the shayateen are physically stronger and invisible, they cannot be fought with conventional weapons or physical strength. They are fought with Iman (faith).

The Lesson of the “Small Atom”

A Hadith in Abu Dawud illustrates how the ego and power of the shayateen respond to our spiritual state:

• Giving Credit to Shaytan: When a person’s camel acted up and they cursed the Shaytan, the Prophet (PBUH) told them not to do so. Attributing power to Shaytan causes his ego to swell until he is “bigger than a house.”
• Mentioning Allah: The Prophet (PBUH) instructed the person to say “Bismillah” (In the name of Allah) instead. Through the remembrance of Allah, the Shaytan diminishes until he is “smaller than an atom.”

The Test of Trust

When the Dajjal presents his instruments of torture, the natural human reaction is terror. Most people will flee toward his “gardens” for safety, which ultimately leads to their ruin in the Hereafter.

The true test of iman is to see the Dajjal’s fire, potentially an army of jinn and terrifying entities, and to walk into it anyway, relying solely on Allah. Just as the Name of Allah shrinks the Shaytan, the iman of the believer renders the Dajjal’s threats harmless. In this final tribulation, your spiritual conviction is your only true armor.

Complexion

The Prophet (PBUH) described the Dajjal using terms that identify his physical “type” to the people of that time:

• Complexion (Ahmar): He is described as being ahmar (red). In the vernacular of ancient Arabs, the terms ahmar (reddish) or asfar (yellowish) were used to describe what we would today call Caucasian complexions. This differentiates him from the typical Arab skin tones of that era.
• Hair and Stature: He is described as having curly hair, being relatively short in height, and possessing a broad chest.
• Gait: As previously noted, his legs are deformed (not straight), resulting in an abnormal or crooked way of walking.

Demographics of His Followers

The Prophet (PBUH) highlighted two specific groups that will follow the Dajjal in large numbers:

1. The Jewish Community: As mentioned in Musnad Ahmad, many of his followers will be from among the Yahood.
2. Women: The Prophet (PBUH) noted that a large number of women would follow him. Scholars explain this through the context of the era’s chaos. During a time of extreme hunger, starvation, and lack of safety, the Dajjal’s false promises of security and provision will be particularly alluring to those seeking protection for themselves and their families.

The Global Conquest and the Exceptions

The Dajjal will travel with incredible speed, attempting to enter every population center.

• The Scope of “All” (Kullu): While many translations of the word kullu suggest “each and every” city without exception, in Arabic linguistic context, it often refers to the vast majority or all major metropolises.
• The Sacred Sanctuaries: There are two absolute exceptions to his entry: Makkah and Madinah.
• Angelic Protection: The Prophet (PBUH) explained that the Dajjal will attempt to enter these two cities but will be stopped at the gates by angels guarding them.

The Purification of Madinah

A significant event will occur when the Dajjal reaches the outskirts of Madinah:

1. The Earthquake: While the Dajjal is prevented from entering, he will cause the city to tremble three times (an earthquake).
2. The Filter: This shaking will cause terror among the inhabitants. Those who are Munafiqun (hypocrites) or weak in faith will flee the city in fear, thinking Madinah is being destroyed.
3. The Furnace: The Prophet (PBUH) compared Madinah to a furnace that separates dross from pure metal. By the end of these tremors, the only people remaining in Madinah will be the sincere believers who trust in the Prophet’s (PBUH) promise of safety.

This process ensures that the population of Madinah becomes 100% pure. These are the believers who will eventually form the core of the army that fights alongside the Mahdi and Isa (AS) against the Dajjal.

The Dajjal’s Observation of Madinah and the “White House”

While the Dajjal is physically barred from entering the sacred boundaries of Madinah by angels, the Hadith literature describes a moment where he observes the city from a distance. This narration provides a striking visual detail regarding the appearance of the Prophet’s Masjid.

Reference: https://hadithunlocked.com/ahmad:18975

According to Musnad Ahmad, after being denied entry, the Dajjal will lead his followers to a mountain located just outside the Haram (sacred) boundary of Madinah. From this vantage point, he will survey the city.

• The “White House” of Ahmad: The Hadith states that the Dajjal will point toward the city and say to his followers: “Do you see that White House? That is the house and the masjid of Ahmad.”
• The Name “Ahmad”: It is noted as significant that he refers to the Prophet (PBUH) by the name Ahmad rather than Muhammad.

Modern Visual Correspondence

This specific description has gained significant attention due to the modern architectural state of the Prophet’s Mosque (Masjid an-Nabawi):

• The Marble Complex: Today, the masjid is a massive architectural complex clad in white marble. When viewed from a distance, whether from the surrounding mountaintops or from an airplane, the structure stands out as a brilliant white landmark that can be seen for miles.
• A Lasting Structure: The current structure is built to be incredibly sturdy and enduring. Scholars and observers note that the Prophet’s (PBUH) description of a “White House” or “White Palace” (al-qasr al-abyad) perfectly matches the contemporary aesthetic of the masjid as it stands today.
• Folklore vs. Hadith: While there is local folklore and superstition regarding exactly which mountain the Dajjal will stand upon (with some pointing to specific modern palaces built on mountains outside the city), the core of the narration focuses on the Dajjal’s recognition of the masjid from afar.

The Divisions of the End Times: The Mahdi, the Dajjal, and the Two Camps

Based on the Hadith of the Mahdi, it can be inferred that the forces of the Dajjal and the Muslims will engage in multiple battles. While the Muslims will be able to protect themselves partially, they will never be able to fully destroy the army of the Dajjal on their own. This is a crucial point: the Dajjal will not be victorious in every single battle, but he will be protected as an individual. He will not be killed, and perhaps not even harmed, by anyone other than Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, son of Mary).

The Dajjal and his army will fight multiple engagements rather than a single, isolated conflict. It is likely that these forces will not consist of one physical army in one location; instead, the world will be divided into two distinct camps or entities. The ultimate question of that time will be: Which side are you on?

Individuals will either be fighting for the Dajjal or for the truth, righteousness, taqwa, Allah, and His Messenger. Within these various skirmishes and battles, the Muslims may be victorious in some instances and unsuccessful in others.

The Rumors and the False Cry

Evidence for these ongoing conflicts is found in the Hadith of the Mahdi, where the Prophet (SAW) describes the Muslims fighting armies in various places. During this timeframe, people will begin to recognize that they are in the end of times. Sensitivities will be so high that even the smallest rumor will provoke theories regarding the Dajjal.

Eventually, while the Muslim army under the leadership of the Mahdi is fighting in an unknown location, a cry will be heard: “The Dajjal has come out and is attacking your families!” In fear, the forces will rush back toward Sham (Greater Syria) to protect their kin, only to discover that it was a false alarm.

The Arrival of Isa (AS)

We do not know exactly how much time will pass after this false report, but eventually, the Dajjal will truly appear. At that time, the Mahdi will be leading the Muslims in Damascus. It is during this period, specifically during the Fajr(dawn) prayer, that Isa ibn Maryam will descend. All of these events, including the primary fighting against the Dajjal, will take place during the era of the Mahdi.

Reference: https://sunnah.com/muslim:2897

The Preparation for the End Times: Modern Conflict and the Return to Tradition

It must be noted that these insights are derived through interpretation, and Allah knows best. When viewing current global events, the situation is increasingly sobering. It appears that the forces of good and evil are beginning to demarcate even before the arrival of the Dajjal or the Mahdi. Major wars, skirmishes, and significant bloodshed are already occurring, suggesting that the stage is being prepared for the Dajjal’s eventual emergence.

The Scale of Future Conflict

Certain Hadith describe a level of devastation that is difficult to comprehend: a massive war where it is mentioned that ninety-nine out of one hundred people will perish. The Prophet (SAWS) described the intensity of such a conflict by stating that a bird flying above the battlefield would fall dead from the sky.

Whether this refers to the era of the Dajjal or the time immediately preceding him remains unknown. However, many contemporary thinkers suggest this could point toward nuclear warfare. Such a reading is not far-fetched; as Albert Einstein famously remarked:

“I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.”

This profound statement underscores the reality that a total global conflict involving modern weapons of mass destruction would likely result in the total collapse of civilization.

Literal vs. Metaphorical Interpretations

The Hadith regarding the end times frequently mention horses, swords, and traditional weaponry. There are two primary valid scholarly opinions on how to understand these descriptions:

1. The Metaphorical View: It is permissible to interpret these terms as references to modern or “fancy” weaponry. In this view, “sword” serves as a linguistic placeholder for whatever lethal technology exists at that time.
2. The Literal View: It is entirely feasible to assume that by the end of times, all current technology will have been wiped out. A true “Armageddon”, a global nuclear or apocalyptic event, would strip humanity of its digital and industrial infrastructure.

In a post-apocalyptic scenario, common sense dictates that society would return to basics, lighting fires without matches and relying on primitive tools. Therefore, it is not inconceivable to interpret these Hadith literally: that the Mahdi, the Muslims, and the Dajjal’s followers will fight on horseback with physical blades because the modern world as we know it has ceased to function.

Ultimately, both interpretations are grounded in possibility, and Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala knows best.

The Timeline of the Dajjal: Duration and Cosmic Disruption

Reference: https://sunnah.com/muslim:2937a

The Prophet (SAWS) provided specific, albeit cryptic, details regarding the duration of the Dajjal’s presence on Earth. When asked how long he would remain, the Prophet (SAWS) replied that he would live among the people for forty days: “One day like a year, one day like a month, one day like a week, and the rest of his days like your regular days.”

Interpreting the “Day Like a Year”

Prophetic Hadiths regarding the end times are often symbolic or atmospheric. For instance, the descriptions of “barefoot, naked shepherds competing in tall buildings” can be seen as a literal transformation or a generational shift in wealth. Similarly, scholars offer two primary interpretations for the Dajjal’s timeline:

1. Perceptual or Temporal Slowing: Time may literally slow down, or the psychological weight of the era may make the days feel agonizingly long.
2. Environmental Obscuration: A prominent interpretation suggests that the sun and moon may be obscured. This leads back to the possibility of weapons of mass destruction. If such weapons were used on a global scale, the resulting fallout could block out sunlight for an entire year, making one long “day” of twilight or darkness.

This interpretation aligns with the Sahaba’s immediate concern. Upon hearing this Hadith, they did not ask about the physics of time; they asked about Salah (prayer). They inquired, “O Messenger of Allah, in that day which is like a year, will the prayers of one day suffice us?” The Prophet (SAWS) responded, “No, you must estimate the passage of time.” This indicates that even without the traditional movement of the sun, Muslims must maintain their five daily prayers by calculating the hours.

If we calculate this timeline, one year, plus one month, plus one week, plus the remaining 37 regular days, the Dajjal’s active reign lasts approximately one year and two months. While terrifying, this period is relatively brief in the grander scale of human history.

The Rise of the Dajjal

Regarding the Dajjal’s origin, it is understood that he may grow up as a regular child, perhaps unaware of his ultimate role. The Hadith suggests his emergence is triggered by an event that provokes him.

• The Trigger: He will appear when something makes him angry or provokes him, specifically in the region of Isfahan.
• The Escalation: He will go “ballistic,” realizing he possesses powers or influence from the Jinn that others do not have.
• The Deception: He will take advantage of these abilities, eventually declaring himself the Messiah, and as his influence grows, he will ultimately make the ultimate false claim: that he is God himself.

The Geopolitics of the End Times: Zionism, Evangelicals, and the Messiah

A significant aspect of the Dajjal’s arrival, as recorded in Musnad Imam Ahmad, is that a large portion of his followers will be from among the Jewish people (Yahood). This detail leads to a complex intersection of Islamic, Christian, and Jewish eschatology (beliefs about the end times) that shapes modern global politics.

The Shared “Skeleton” of Belief

There is a fundamental “skeleton” of belief shared by Muslims and many Christians, particularly Evangelicals and Baptists:

• The world will end with a Great Armageddon.
• A False Messiah (the Antichrist/Dajjal) will emerge.
• The true Messiah (Jesus/Isa AS) will return to defeat him.

While the core structure is similar, the “devils are in the details.” For Evangelicals, a specific prerequisite exists: the gathering of the Children of Israel (Bani Israil) in the Holy Land. They believe Jesus will only return once this gathering is complete.

The Paradox of Evangelical Zionism

Because Evangelicals are eager to see the return of their Savior, they aim to expedite the migration of Jewish people to the Holy Land. This creates a unique political phenomenon: some of the most “hardcore” Zionists are not Jewish, but Christian Evangelicals.

However, this support contains a dark irony. According to Evangelical aqeedah (creed):

1. They support the Jewish people in settling the land to trigger the Second Coming.
2. They believe that upon his return, Jesus will eliminate those who do not believe in him, specifically targeting those they hold responsible for his crucifixion.

Essentially, one group provides immense financial and political power to another group, based on the belief that doing so will eventually lead to that group’s destruction. When confronted with this paradox, many pragmatic leaders within the Zionist movement simply view the aid as a “tactical” benefit, dismissing the underlying theological motivations as irrelevant to their own goals.

This theological framework directly influences modern policy, such as the movement of embassies to Jerusalem. Political leaders often cater to this Evangelical base, treating these significant geopolitical shifts as tactical decisions to satisfy a specific domestic electorate.

A Note on Religious Literacy: It is vital for Muslims to educate themselves on the differences between Christian denominations. The beliefs of Catholics differ significantly from Evangelicals, just as Mormonsor Seventh-day Adventists have their own unique doctrines. Understanding these distinctions (firaq) is essential for anyone wishing to engage in these complex discussions.

The Jewish Concept of the Messiah: Political Power and Prophecy

To understand why the Prophet (SAWS) stated that many of the Dajjal’s followers would come from this group, we must examine Jewish eschatology. Their concept of the “Messiah” (Mashiach) differs fundamentally from the spiritual and reformative role associated with Jesus (Isa AS) in Islam and Christianity.

The King Messiah (Melech HaMashiach)

In mainstream Jewish belief, the Messiah is not a divine being or a purely spiritual savior; he is a political and military figure.

• The Lineage: He must be a literal descendant of King David (Dawood AS).
• The Role: He is envisioned as a “King Messiah” who will be anointed with holy oil to usher in a Messianic age.
• The Mission: His primary tasks are to restore the sovereignty of the Israelites, gather them back to their land, and reconstruct the Temple.

This focus on power and politics explains the historical rejection of Isa (AS). When Jesus began preaching tazkiyatun nafs(purification of the soul) and spiritual reform, he did not fit the Jewish criteria for a king. When they accused him before the Roman authorities, they specifically claimed he was asserting himself as the “King of the Jews”, a title that constituted a political threat to the Roman Empire.

Maimonides and the Codification of Faith

The most influential figure in Jewish intellectual history is Moses Maimonides (known as the Rambam or Musa ibn Maymun). Living in the Muslim world during the Middle Ages, Maimonides was deeply influenced by Islamic scholarship. He studied in Muslim madrasas, spoke and wrote in Arabic, and was well-versed in Islamic Fiqh(jurisprudence) and Aqeedah (theology).

Inspired by how Muslims organized their creed, Maimonides codified the 13 Principles of Faith, which remain the standard for Jewish belief today.

The 12th Principle: The Coming of the Messiah

The 12th principle of his creed explicitly addresses the Messiah. It states:

“I believe with perfect faith in the coming of the Messiah; and even though he may tarry, nonetheless, I wait every day for his coming.”

Because this belief is so central, the Jewish community has spent centuries eagerly anticipating a leader who will restore their global status and rebuild their Temple.

Why the Dajjal Fits the Requirement

The Dajjal is described in Islamic tradition as possessing incredible powers, wealth, and the ability to command resources. To a group waiting for a political king who will grant them worldly dominance and “Izza” (honor/power), the Dajjal’s arrival may appear to be the fulfillment of their prophecies. He will present himself as the powerful leader they have anticipated for millennia, leading them to follow him as their promised King Messiah.

Modern Jewish Strands and the Allure of the False Messiah

In contemporary times, Judaism is primarily divided into three main strands. Understanding these is essential to seeing why a powerful, charismatic figure claiming to be the Messiah would find a receptive audience in the future.

The Three Main Strands

1. Orthodox: The most traditional and literalist group. They adhere strictly to Jewish law (Halakha) and the original texts.
2. Conservative: A middle-ground movement that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition while allowing for some modern adaptation.
3. Reform: The largest group today, which views Jewish laws as ethical guidelines rather than binding commands. This group often adapts to modern secular values.

The Orthodox Revival

In the mid-20th century, many assumed Orthodox Judaism would disappear, but it has experienced a massive revival. This serves as a lesson for all religious communities: when a faith becomes too “watered down” or “progressive” to the point where its values are dictated by society rather than scripture, people eventually lose interest. They return to the asl (the root), the hardcore, literalist traditions that offer a firm backbone and clear identity.

Within the Orthodox community, groups like the Hasidic Jews and the Chabad movement are intensely messianic. They believe the Messiah’s arrival is imminent and that their personal piety can hasten his coming. For instance, followers of the late Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson (who died in 1994) went so far as to claim he was the Messiah, with some still believing he is alive in hiding.

Historical Precedents: Sabbatai Zevi and the “Donmeh”

The history of “False Messiahs” provides a blueprint for how the Dajjal might be received. One of the most famous examples is Sabbatai Zevi, a 17th-century Rabbi born in Ottoman lands.

Sabbatai Zevi gained thousands of followers who believed he would restore the Kingdom of David. However, when his political demands led the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV to threaten him with death, Zevi chose to convert to Islam.

This created a bizarre religious hybrid:

• He wore the Ottoman turban but continued Jewish rituals in private.
• His followers, known as the Donmeh (meaning “converts” or “turncoats”), were outwardly Muslim but inwardly “crypto-Jews.”
• They observed Ramadan and read the Quran, yet maintained their Sabbath and Hebrew traditions.

The Legacy in Modern Turkey

The Donmeh community remained influential, particularly in cities like Thessaloniki. Historical analysis and widespread perception link this community to the Young Turks, the secular movement that eventually overthrew the Ottoman Caliphate.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, hailed from this background. Whether his actions were motivated by this heritage or purely secular ideology, his impact on Islam was profound and devastating:

• Abolished the Khilafah: He ended the Islamic Caliphate.
• Secularized the State: He replaced Sharia with secular law and shut down madrasas.
• Cultural Shift: He banned the Arabic Adhan (call to prayer), forcing it to be recited in Turkish, and moved the Quranic recitation in Salah to Turkish as well.

It is crucial to note the nuance in the Prophet’s (SAWS) words. He did not say “most Jews will follow the Dajjal”; rather, he said that many of those who follow him will be from that background. Because their theology (especially in the Orthodox and Hasidic strands) is so focused on a political king who will bring worldly power and restoration, the Dajjal, with his supernatural abilities and global influence, will perfectly fit the profile they have been taught to anticipate for centuries.

The Final Battle and the Question of Anti-Semitism

The most sensitive aspect of the end-times narrative involves the final confrontation between the forces of Isa (AS) and the Dajjal. According to traditions found in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, as the followers of the Dajjal are defeated and flee, the very creation, trees and rocks, will speak to the believers, revealing the hiding places of those who chose the side of falsehood. The only exception mentioned is the Gharqad tree, which remains silent.

In the modern world, quoting these Hadiths often leads to immediate accusations of anti-Semitism. However, to understand these texts correctly, we must look at them through three distinct lenses: historical reality, intellectual consistency, and theological intent.

1. Historical Context: Anti-Semitism is Not a Muslim Phenomenon

It is a historical fact that anti-Semitism is a European, Christian phenomenon, not an Islamic one. Historically, Jews and Muslims were allies against common persecutors, specifically the “Rum” (Romans/Byzantine Christians).

• The Golden Age: The greatest Jewish intellectual achievements of the pre-modern era occurred in Muslim lands, Baghdad, Cairo, and Andalusia.
• 1492 and the Ottoman Refuge: When Muslims were expelled from Spain during the Reconquista, the Ottoman Sultan famously invited the persecuted Jewish population to settle in Muslim lands, mocking the European monarchs for discarding such “intelligent and useful people.”
• Pre-1947 Populations: Before the political shifts of the mid-20th century, the largest and most vibrant Jewish communities lived in Yemen, Iraq, Morocco, and Egypt.

To label Islamic tradition as anti-Semitic is to ignore over a millennium of coexistence and protection that was never offered to Jewish communities in Europe until the modern era.

2. Predictions vs. Prescriptions

A vital scholarly distinction must be made: these Hadiths are predictions, not prescriptions.

• Predictions: Describing what will happen during a supernatural, apocalyptic event (the end of the world).
• Prescriptions: Giving religious laws on how to act now.

Islamic law (Sharia) mandates the protection of minorities and the innocent. These Hadiths do not command Muslims to attack anyone today; they describe a future war where the forces of evil are being judged by the Creator. If one chooses to believe the “scandalous” part of the Hadith (the talking trees), they must also believe the context: that this occurs during the return of Christ and the defeat of a supernatural tyrant.

3. Intellectual Honesty and the “Double Standard”

The attempt to censor classical texts like Sahih Muslim is intellectually inconsistent. Many foundational Western works, from Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice to various religious scriptures, contain passages that are considered politically incorrect by modern standards.

• We do not “sanitize” history or ban Shakespeare; we teach it with context.
• Liberalism claims to value the study of history as it was, yet often applies a double standard when it comes to Islamic texts.

4. Judaism vs. Zionism: Defining the Critique

Muslims must be precise in their language to avoid falling into actual prejudice.

• Judaism: A faith tradition with which we share deep roots. Our Prophets, Ibrahim, Musa, and others, were Semites. Most Semites today are actually Muslims.
• Zionism: A 19th-century political movement. As established previously, there are Jewish Zionists, Christian Zionists (Evangelicals), and even atheist Zionists.

Our critique is directed at Zionism as a political ideology and the oppression it facilitates, not at Judaism as a faith or Jewish people as an ethnic group. Historically, Muslims have even risked their lives to protect Jewish people during their greatest trials, such as the Holocaust, where Muslims in France and North Africa provided refuge to those fleeing Nazi persecution.