中共如何割讓領土給北韓

紅圈位置為長白山和天池的所在地。

認識歷史的人就知道，中共「不可分割的領土」這種論述完全是自打嘴巴的笑話。中国曾放棄大片領土予俄國，也承認蒙古獨立。但較鮮為人知的是，北韓也是受惠者之一。

中朝邊界一直都是敏感議題，中共甚至禁止學者進行有關方面的研究。

中朝邊界的西邊和東邊是分別以鴨綠江和圖們江劃江而治。但這兩條河流並非完全相連，中間隔了湖（天池）和山（長白山），這也就為中朝邊界的劃界帶來了問題。

更麻煩的是，長白山被視為大韓民族的發源地，被韓國人視為「聖山」。在北韓的「建國神話」中，長白山更是「偉大領袖」金日成的抗日根據地。北韓也聲稱長白山是金正日的出生地。可見，這片領土對北韓以至整個韓國的民族主義扮演了多重要角色。

可是，天池至少自1712年起就被確立作為清帝國領土一部分，其在當地的主權也得到1909年清日條約認證。中共外交部的一份報告就曾指「我們對天池已經有明確立場。天池是屬於中國的。」

60年代，中蘇交惡，中共在內外交困的背景下，為拉攏北韓，在1962年與北韓達成邊界協議，將天池、長白山過半土地，約五百平方公里（大約相等於香港陸地面積一半）割讓了給北韓。

資料來源：http://journals.rienner.com/doi/abs/10.5555/0258-9184-37.1.1?journalCode=aspr（全文：https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Contested+border%3A+a+historical+investigation+into+the+Sino-Korean...-a0353693465）

以下為相關引文： //THE SINO-KOREAN BORDER ISSUE HAS BEEN A SENSITIVE ONE FOR CHINA and the two Koreas. Although the three governments have been reticent on the issue on official occasions, and the Chinese government has even forbidden scholars to study it, people have hotly debated this topic for years.

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In 1712 the Qing government established the boundary marker along the watershed line about five kilometers south of Tianchi on the Changbaishan, thus reaffirming that China and North Korea were bordered by the Yalu and Tumen (Suh 1988; Goma 2006). Since then, Tianchi, the sacred birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, has been under Chinese jurisdiction.

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After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904, Korea became Japan’s protectorate and Japan controlled Korea’s diplomacy and internal affairs. On September 4, 1909, China and Japan signed the Jiandao Treaty (Cando in Korean), determining that “China and Korea border along the Tumen River, and the Shiyi River is the boundary in the source area of Tumen.” Tianchi on the Changbaishan and its adjacent peaks were declared to be within Chinese territory (Cai 2004, 186).

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Two other issues remained, according to the report (of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs). First, “We already have a clear view of Tianchi. Tianchi belongs to China. We have told the Koreans our position, but have not received any response so far.”

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In regard to the source area of the Tumen River, from the Jiandao Treaty of 1909 to the Sino-Korean Treaty of 1962, China lost about 500 square kilometers on the basis of map scale.//