Wave Particle Duality and de Broglie’s Matter Wave

The quantum theory provided the convincing explanations of Blackbody radiation (1901), photoelectric effect (1905), line spectra of atoms by Bohr’s theory (1913), Compton effect (1924) etc. On the other hand the concept of electromagnetic wave nature of radiation provided a sound explanation of interference, diffraction and polarisation. Thus, the dual character, i.e. wave nature and particle nature, of the radiation is experimentally established in different phenomena.

Thus the concept of wave-particle dualism of radiation gave explanations of different phenomena of interaction of radiation with matter. The origin of the basic postulates (i.e. idea of quantum restriction for the stationary orbits) of Bohr-Sommerfeld model of atom which provided the explanation of line spectra appeared arbitrarily chosen. As a matter of fact, this apparently inexplicable postulate, (i.e., mur = nh/2π) became the great headache to the scientists. At that time, Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence (E = mC2) was found true in many cases. On this background, the French scientist, de Broglie proposed in 1924 that the wave particle dualism is not only confined to the photons but also to other matter. This concept of matter wave when applied to subatomic particles, it yielded results in conformity with the observed ones. This new concept paved the way in the new direction called wave mechanics which have solved many problems in the microscopic world successfully.

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