What Happens If You Don’t Get Enough Folic Acid?

What Happens If You Don’t Get Enough Folic Acid?

Understanding the risks of folic acid deficiency—and why early prevention matters more than most people realize.

Many people know that folic acid is important during pregnancy, but not everyone understands what can happen when the body does not get enough of it.

Getting enough folic acid before and during early pregnancy is a simple step that supports healthy fetal development and helps reduce the risk of certain birth defects.

Folic acid is a form of vitamin B9. It helps the body make new cells and supports the healthy development of a baby’s brain and spinal cord during the earliest weeks of pregnancy. Because these important changes happen so early, getting enough folic acid before and during early pregnancy is essential.

One of the biggest concerns with folic acid deficiency is that it can increase the risk of neural tube defects. These are serious birth defects that affect the baby’s brain or spinal cord. The neural tube develops very early in pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is expecting. That is why waiting until a pregnancy is confirmed may be too late to provide the best protection.

A lack of folic acid can also affect the mother’s health. Some women may develop folate deficiency anemia, which can cause tiredness, weakness, dizziness, pale skin, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms may seem small at first, but they can make daily life much more difficult.

It is important to remember that not every woman with low folic acid will experience complications, and not every pregnancy with low folic acid will be affected. However, having enough folic acid significantly reduces certain risks, making it one of the simplest and most effective steps women can take before and during early pregnancy.

The good news is that folic acid deficiency is often preventable. Eating foods naturally rich in folate—such as leafy green vegetables, beans, lentils, oranges, and fortified cereals—can help. For many women, healthcare providers also recommend a daily folic acid supplement, especially when planning a pregnancy or during the first trimester.

A small vitamin may seem insignificant, but its impact can be life-changing. Taking folic acid every day is a simple habit that supports both your health and your baby’s earliest development.

This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for recommendations based on your individual health needs.