Digital Modulation Techniques: The building Blocks of today’s digital Communication.

Phase Digital Modulation, Source: AI Generated, Chat GPT, date-19/6/2026

A signal has mainly three properties. Amplitude, frequency, and phase. In the today’s digital communication the modulation technique has superior priority. Phase modulation has several variants. Binary phase shift keying(BPSK) has only two states(M=2), it mainly uses for deep space communication. QPSK(M=4) utilizes same BW like BPSK, however it transmission speed is twice of BPSK. Mobile network like 3G,4G has employed this. In context of 8PSK(M=8) it has application of specific cellular network. Considering the 16PSK(M=16), it has special property such that the signal it operated should be clean, highly noise free. When we consider the PSK receiver, it is necessary to know the reference phase(starting point). Moreover, Differential PSK, DQPSK, offset QPSK, pi/4 QPSK have been operated for doing this job. Happy Learning…..Sincerely, RKD