Name: Muhammad Awais

Name: Muhammad Awais

Topic: Cybersecurity

1. Cybersecurity Threats & Vulnerabilities

• Malware: Viruses, ransomware, spyware → cause damage or gain unauthorized access.
• Phishing: Fake emails/websites tricking users for credentials.
• DoS: Overloading servers to stop availability.
• Man-in-the-Middle: Intercepting/changing communication.
• SQL Injection: Exploiting inputs to steal or modify data.
• Zero-Day: Attacks on unpatched flaws.
• Vulnerabilities: Software bugs, human errors, weak networks, insider threats.

2. Countermeasures

• Technical: Firewalls, IDS, encryption, patching, MFA.
• Administrative: Security training, incident response, audits, pen-testing.
• Physical: Secure data centers, biometric access.

3. Role of CEH

• Definition: Finding vulnerabilities with permission.
• Responsibilities: Penetration testing, vulnerability assessment, reporting, awareness.
• Certifications: CEH, OSCP, CISSP.
• Ethics: Legal permission, scope limit, confidentiality.

4. AI-Powered Attacks & Defenses

• Attacks: Automated phishing, deepfakes, polymorphic malware, adversarial AI, credential stuffing.
• Defenses: Threat detection, behavioral biometrics, automated patching, phishing detection, robust ML models.

5. Ethical Hacking Notes

• Stages: Recon → Scan → Gain Access → Maintain → Cover Tracks.
• Lab Setup: Kali, Metasploit, Wireshark, Burp Suite, VirtualBox/VMware