New record of spiders fauna of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, (Aranei; Sparassidae; Pholcidae) Pakistan

Abstract

Present study was conducted from 2014 to 2015 in different regions of North Western parts of for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa adjacent Tribals areas **(FATA)** of Pakistan to explore the biodiversity of spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) in this part of the country. Our findings are introduction of new fauna to Pakistan. Spiders Samplings were conducted by hand picking sweep nets and pitfall during different periods of year mostly April to October of 2014 and 2015.The specimens were analyzed under stereomicroscope and compound microscope, while genetalia were removed and draw or taken picture for comparing to exact identification. The family sparasbsidae and Pholcidae (Araneae: Arachnida) although have reported fauna but Species Cross oprizamaculipes (Spassky, 1934) and Oliossanguinifrons (Simon 1906) are first time recorded in Pakistan, as previously reported from adjacent countries India, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Our study will impel taxonomist to future Taxonomical work can multiply our unknown biodiversity of arenas.

Introduction

The order Arenas of class Arachnidan found in all type habitat ecosystems. These are eight legs arthropods being extensively predatory in ecosystem. They have great **biodiversity** in groups and one of the frequent growing field and getting more attention due to more exploring work and adding new to science spiders. Presently there are114 families, 3988 genera and more than 46000 species of spiders worldwide (World Spider Catalog, 2016).

The spiders of Pakistan have been treated less for exploration than subjected to ecological or applied. The checklist of Siliwal and Molur, (2007) reports 138 species from Pakistan. Western adjacent country Ian have46 families 239 genera and 562 species which 2 times more than Pakistan (Zamani. et al., 2016). The checklist of araneae from represent 60 families 438 genera and 1686 species up to 2012 (Keswani et al., 2013). Only fauna of Salt cid a e (arena ea: salt cid a e) of Afghanistan shows more fauna than Pakistan, while reset arenas also have more numbers. (Log unov, 2005), Although work in South Eastern part of Pakistan by Butt and Beg , (2000), Butt and Beg, (2001), Butt et al. (2006), Mukhtar et al. (2012), Mukhtar, (2013) Mukhtar, (2015) and Tahir et al. (2016), added more fauna to hidden fauna of spiders of Pakistan. Moreover, Perveen and Jamal, (2012), checklist gives idea of spread of species in FR Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region.

The Spa rass id a e (arena a e: arachnid a) represents 13 species from Pakistan (world spider catalog, 2016), most of them not checked again to confirm their status as mostly work occur before partition from British India (see Dayal, 1935, Simon, 1880, O.P. Cambridge, 1885, Thorell, 1891, Pocock, 1901,Caporiacco, 1935). Only species of Sparassidae was reported recently (Jager, 2005). Family Pholcid a e have 80 genera and thousands species represent no species from Pakistan (world spider catalog. 2016).

Present work to explore the unknown fauna of araneae of Pakistan. Which is part of exploration of biodiversity of Northern West Hindukush region of Pakistan (Ali et al., 2016) (Figs. 1. 2). To report new records of spider (Araneae: Arachnidae) fauna of Pakistan.

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