**The Principles of Determining Time**
The Principles of Determining Time
Muslims have been interested in learning and preserving knowledge from the very beginning of Islamic history. Religious scholars and students have always valued and shared educational knowledge. One important topic they studied was the method of determining time.
In Islam, a day and a night together are divided into twenty-four hours. These twenty-four hours are further divided into two equal parts:
- Twelve hours of the day, which begin at sunrise and end at sunset.
- Twelve hours of the night, which begin at sunset and end at sunrise.
Scholars developed a method to determine the hours of the day by arranging the seven heavenly bodies in a specific order. The order of the planets is:
Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, and Moon.
According to this system, the first hour of a day is assigned to the planet that rules that day. For example:
- On Sunday, the first hour belongs to the Sun.
- On Monday, the first hour belongs to the Moon.
- On Tuesday, the first hour belongs to Mars.
For example, if the sun rises at 6:30 a.m. and sets at 5:30 p.m., the total length of the day is 11 hours. Dividing these 11 hours into 12 equal parts gives approximately 55 minutes for each hour.
The first three hours of Sunday would then be:
| Hour | Time | Ruling Planet |
|---|---|---|
| First Hour | 6:30 – 7:25 | Sun |
| Second Hour | 7:25 – 8:20 | Venus |
| Third Hour | 8:20 – 9:15 | Mercury |
This traditional method was used to calculate and organize the hours of the day according to the movement and order of the heavenly bodies.
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