Analysis of the Physical Condition of State Primary Schools in Indonesia in the Year 2023 | Pacmann Data School Project

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Background

The right to education is one of the fundamental rights of the citizens enshrined in the UUD 1945. The law mandates that the government be responsible for advancing education in Indonesia. Article 31 of the UUD 1945 requires the government to allocate at least 20% of the state or regional budget to education. This budget must cover both the maintenance of educational programs and the construction of physical infrastructure.

This analysis focuses on the condition of state primary schools, which are entirely funded by the education budget.

Objectives

1. Determine which provinces and islands have an average percentage of classrooms in good condition suitable for students and educators.

2. Identify which provinces and islands have adequate science laboratory facilities to support the learning process.

3. Assess which provinces have a sufficient availability of water resources.

4. Determine the availability and condition of sanitation facilities, specifically toilets.

5. Examine which provinces have adequate Internet access for learning purposes.

6. Provide critical conclusions and recommendations based on the analyzed criteria.

Datasets

The dataset used for this analysis is derived from the 2023/2024 Basic School Statistics report published by the Data and Information Technology Centre, Kemendikbudristek Indonesia.

https://publikasi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/upload/file/isiC0430254-D4B7-48FB-962A-E531DEB2A83E.pdf

This report is considered comprehensive and current. The dataset includes several indicators that are deemed essential for schools:

• Classroom conditions

• Availability of science laboratory facilities

• Availability of water resources

• Condition of toilets

• Availability of Internet access

The data is categorized by province and distinguishes between state and private primary schools. This analysis focuses solely on state primary schools. For visualization purposes, data is grouped by island, and the median percentage of each indicator per province is calculated.

Insight Overview

A dashboard containing five visualizations has been created to present the findings. The dashboard can be accessed through this Tableau **LINK**

1. Percentage of Classrooms in Good Condition

The median range of classrooms in good condition across islands is 30–40%, with Java having the highest score (39.6%) and Bali Nusra Maluku & Papua the lowest (31.1%).

2. Availability of Science Laboratory Facilities

Science laboratories are critical for enhancing students’ understanding. Java has the highest median availability (7.2%), while Sulawesi has the lowest (1.7%). Jakarta DKI has the highest percentage (59.8%), and Central Kalimantan has the lowest (0.8%).

3. Availability of Water Resources

Java schools have the highest median percentage of water availability (92%), while Kalimantan has the lowest (76.3%). DKI Jakarta leads with 97% water availability, and East Nusa Tenggara is the lowest at 55.6%.

4. Toilet Condition

There is a slight difference in median toilet conditions between Java (41.9%) and Kalimantan (41.5%). However, there is a significant gap between the highest (Jakarta DKI at 77.8%) and the lowest (Papua at 28.2%).

5. Availability of Internet Access

Java has a significantly higher median Internet access percentage (92.2%) compared to other islands, with Bali Nusra Maluku & Papua being the lowest (53.2%). DKI Jakarta boasts nearly perfect Internet access (97.3%), while Papua is the lowest at 42.7%.

Conclusion

1. Java Dominates in Educational Facilities

Java remains the center of primary school educational development, with the highest percentage availability across all indicators. This is partly due to DKI Jakarta, which has the largest regional budget and serves as the governmental and developmental hub.

2. Need for Synergy in Budget Management

Both central and regional governments must collaborate effectively to utilize the education budget. This ensures that the development of educational infrastructure in state primary schools is equitable and free from corruption.

3. Prioritizing State Primary Schools

State primary schools, which play a crucial role in the early education of Indonesia’s youth, should receive prioritized funding. This will ensure that the young generation receives a quality learning experience during their formative years.